A vaginal ring containing an antiretroviral drug, which could provide women with an easy-to-use alternative to vaginal microbicides to help reduce their risk of getting HIV, is being tested in Africa.
A vaginal ring containing an antiretroviral drug, which could provide women with an easy-to-use alternative to vaginal microbicides to help reduce their risk of getting HIV, is being tested in Africa.
Partners Zambia, a national eForum on HIV and related health and development issues, has reported that the ring slowly releases the antiretroviral drug Dapivirine, removing the need for application each time a woman has sexual intercourse.
The rings have now entered phase III efficacy trials in South Africa.
“Pending regulatory and ethics approvals, the study will expand into additional sites in Malawi and Rwanda in the next few months, with the first safety and efficacy results expected in 2015. The road to a successful vaginal microbicide gel has been paved with disappointments. In July 2010, South African researchers announced that a trial in KwaZulu-Natal, of the gel CAPRISA 004, had proved 39 per cent effective in reducing HIV transmission,” Partners Zambia stated.
It added that in November 2011 a trial of microbicide gel in South Africa, Uganda and Zimbabwe was stopped, when early data showed that it failed to reduce HIV infection.
Mitzy Gafos, a social scientist at the MRC Clinical Trials Unit in London in the UK, said effectiveness was not the only issue.
“One of the greatest challenges with microbicide research to date has been adherence. A slow-release vaginal ring that women insert for a month at a time may overcome many of the adherence challenges that some women face with the use of vaginal gels, which need to be inserted before sex or on a daily basis,” said Gafos.
Zeda Rosenberg, founder and chief executive officer of the International Partnership for Microbicides (IPM), the organisation responsible for the programme that developed the ring and is running the trials, said IPM acquired Dapivirine through a royalty-free licensing agreement from Janssen Pharmaceuticals.
“The agreement allows the development of Dapivirine as a vaginal ring for HIV prevention and its distribution to women in developing countries, once proven safe and effective,” Rosenberg said.
Rosenberg added that IPM is working to produce Dapivirine rings at the lowest possible cost and that a longer-acting options such as a 60 or 90 day ring, which could potentially lower the overall cost, is being developed.
In a separate study, the Microbicide Trials Network (MTN) will soon begin testing the same ring in a sample of nearly 3,500 women in southern Africa. Sharon Hillier, principal investigator of the MTN, said in a media statement that “sustained delivery of antiretrovirals in a vaginal ring could be a game-changer for prevention of HIV in women.”
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